A draft report has found that 85% of flats in Dublin, involved in a crackdown on poor housing, do not meet minimum housing standards.
The report was carried out by Dublin City Council and the Royal Institute of Architects of Ireland.
It found the majority of flats in homes built before 1963 did not meet basic housing standards - and that a two-tier system has developed between new apartments and older flats.
The report also finds 90% of flats converted from single homes did not have planning permission.
According to the Irish Times, the research comes at the end of three years of inspections aimed at getting rid of 'slum' conditions in the private rented sector.
Recommendations include a requirement for housing to be brought up to standard, a nationwide inspection programme, and widening the role of the Private Tenancies Residency Board (PTRB).
One of the authors of the report, Paul Kelly from the Royal Institute of Architects of Ireland, says the results are shocking.