476 ”“ Odoacer is named Rex italiae by his troops.

565 ”“ Columba reports seeing a monster in Loch Ness, Scotland.

851 ”“ Battle of Jengland: Erispoe defeats Charles the Bald near the Breton town of Jengland.

1138 ”“ Battle of the Standard between Scotland and England.

1485 ”“ The Battle of Bosworth Field, the death of Richard III and the end of the House of Plantagenet.

1559 ”“ Bartolomé Carranza, Spanish archbishop, is arrested for heresy.

1639 ”“ Madras (now Chennai), India, is founded by the British East India Company on a sliver of land bought from local Nayak rulers.

1642 ”“ Charles I calls the English Parliament traitors. The English Civil War begins.

1654 ”“ Jacob Barsimson arrives in New Amsterdam. He is the first known Jewish immigrant to America.

1711 ”“ Ships from British Admiral Hovenden Walker’s Quebec Expedition founders on rocks at the mouth of the Saint Lawrence River.

1717 ”“ Spanish troops land on Sardinia.

1770 ”“ James Cook names and lands on Possession Island, Queensland and claims the east coast of Australia as New South Wales in the name of King George III.

1777 ”“ American Revolutionary War: British forces abandon the Siege of Fort Stanwix after hearing rumors of Continental Army reinforcements.

1791 ”“ Beginning of the Haitian Slave Revolution in Saint-Domingue.

1798 ”“ French troops land in Kilcummin harbour, County Mayo, Ireland to aid Wolfe Tone’s United Irishmen’s Irish Rebellion.

1827 ”“ José de la Mar becomes President of Peru.

1831 ”“ Nat Turner’s slave rebellion commences just after midnight in Southampton County, Virginia, leading to the deaths of more than 50 whites and several hundred African Americans who are killed in retaliation for the uprising.

1846 – The Second Federal Republic of Mexico is established.

1848 ”“ The United States annexes New Mexico.

1849 ”“ The first air raid in history. Austria launches pilotless balloons against the city of Venice.

1851 ”“ The first America’s Cup is won by the yacht America.

1864 ”“ 12 nations sign the First Geneva Convention. The Red Cross is formed.

1875 ”“ The Treaty of Saint Petersburg between Japan and Russia is ratified, providing for the exchange of Sakhalin for the Kuril Islands.

1902 ”“ Cadillac Motor Company is founded.

1902 ”“ Theodore Roosevelt becomes the first President of the United States to ride in an automobile.

1910 ”“ Korea is annexed by Japan with the signing of the Japan”“Korea Treaty of 1910, beginning a period of Japanese rule of Korea that lasted until the end of World War II.

1914 ”“ World War I: in Belgium, British and German troops clash for the first time in the war.

1922 ”“ Michael Collins, Commander-in-chief of the Irish Free State Army is shot dead during an Anti-Treaty ambush at Béal na mBláth, County Cork, during the Irish Civil War.

1926 ”“ Gold is discovered in Johannesburg, South Africa.

1932 ”“ The BBC first experiments with television broadcasting. (See also Timeline of the BBC.)

1934 ”“ Bill Woodfull of Australia becomes the only cricket captain to twice regain The Ashes.

1941 ”“ World War II: German troops reach Leningrad, leading to the siege of Leningrad.

1942 ”“ World War II: Brazil declares war on Germany and Italy.

1944 ”“ World War II: Romania is captured by the Soviet Union.

1944 ”“ World War II: Holocaust of Kedros in Crete by German forces

1949 ”“ Queen Charlotte earthquake: Canada’s largest earthquake since the 1700 Cascadia earthquake

1950 ”“ Althea Gibson becomes the first black competitor in international tennis.

1952 ”“ The penal colony on Devil’s Island is permanently closed.

1961 ”“ Ida Siekmann died attempting to cross the Berlin Wall.

1962 ”“ An attempt to assassinate French president Charles de Gaulle fails.

1963 ”“ American Joe Walker in an X-15 test plane reaches an altitude of 106 km (66 mi).

1966 ”“ Labor movements NFWA and AWOC merge to become the United Farm Workers Organizing Committee (UFWOC), predecessor of the United Farm Workers.

1968 ”“ Pope Paul VI arrives in Bogotá, Colombia. It is the first visit of a pope to Latin America.

1971 ”“ J. Edgar Hoover and John Mitchell announce the arrest of 20 of the Camden 28.

1972 ”“ Rhodesia is expelled by the IOC for its racist policies.

1978 ”“ The Sandinista National Liberation Front (FLSN) occupies national palace in Nicaragua.

1985 ”“ Manchester Air Disaster sees 55 people killed when a fire breaks out on a commercial aircraft at Manchester Airport.

1989 ”“ The first ring of Neptune is discovered.

1989 ”“ Nolan Ryan strikes out Rickey Henderson to become the first Major League Baseball pitcher to record 5,000 strikeouts.

1992 ”“ FBI HRT sniper Lon Horiuchi shoots and kills Vicki Weaver during an 11-day siege at her home at Ruby Ridge, Idaho.

1996 ”“ Bill Clinton signs welfare reform into law, representing major shift in US welfare policy

2003 ”“ Alabama Chief Justice Roy Moore is suspended after refusing to comply with a federal court order to remove a rock inscribed with the Ten Commandments from the lobby of the Alabama Supreme Court building.

2004 ”“ A version of The Scream and Madonna, two paintings by Edvard Munch, are stolen at gunpoint from a museum in Oslo, Norway.

2006 ”“ Pulkovo Aviation Enterprise Flight 612 crashes near the Russian border over eastern Ukraine, killing all 170 people on board.

2007 ”“ The Texas Rangers rout the Baltimore Orioles 30”“3, the most runs scored by a team in modern MLB history.

2007 ”“ The Storm botnet, a botnet created by the Storm Worm, sends out a record 57 million e-mails in one day

TODAY’S BIRTHDAYS

1800 ”“ William S. Harney, American general (d. 1889)

1836 ”“ Archibald Willard, American artist (d. 1918)

1848 ”“ Melville E. Stone, American newspaper publisher (d. 1929)

1854 ”“ Milan I, King of Serbia (d. 1901)

1862 ”“ Claude Debussy, French composer (d. 1918)

1874 ”“ Max Scheler, German philosopher (d. 1928)

1880 ”“ George Herriman, American cartoonist (d. 1944)

1915 ”“ Hugh Paddick, British actor (d. 2000)

1917 ”“ John Lee Hooker, American musician (d. 2001)

1925 ”“ Honor Blackman, English actress

1932 ”“ Gerald P. Carr, American astronaut

1935 ”“ Annie Proulx, American author

1936 ”“ Chuck Brown, American musician (d. 2012)

1936 ”“ Dale Hawkins, American singer and songwriter (d. 2010)

1939 ”“ Valerie Harper, American actress

1939 ”“ George Reinholt, American actor

1945 ”“ David Chase, Italian-American writer/producer/director and creator of The Sopranos

1945 ”“ Ron Dante, American songwriter and record producer (The Archies)

1955 ”“ Will Shetterly, American writer

1957 ”“ Steve Davis, English snooker player

1958 ”“ Colm Feore, American actor

1958 ”“ Vernon Reid, American musician (Living Colour)

1959 ”“ Mark Williams, English actor

1961 ”“ Roland Orzabal, British musician (Tears for Fears)

1961 ”“ Debbi Peterson, American musician (The Bangles)

1963 ”“ Tori Amos, American singer/songwriter

1964 ”“ Diane Setterfield, British author

1965 ”“ Courtney Gains, American actor

1966 ”“ GZA, American rapper

1967 ”“ Ty Burrell, American actor

1967 ”“ Layne Staley, American musician (Alice in Chains) (d. 2002)

1970 ”“ Charlie Connelly, English writer

1970 ”“ Giada De Laurentiis, Italian-born American chef and television host

1971 ”“ Richard Armitage, English actor

1971 ”“ Rick Yune, American actor

1972 ”“ Paul Doucette, American drummer (Matchbox Twenty)

1973 ”“ Howie Dorough, American singer (Backstreet Boys)

1973 ”“ Kristen Wiig, American comedian

1975 ”“ Davor Krznarić, Croatian footballer

1975 ”“ Sheree Murphy, British actress

1977 ”“ Jenna Leigh Green, American actress

1978 ”“ Ed Petrie, British television presenter

1979 ”“ Brandon Adams, American actor

1979 ”“ Jennifer Finnigan, Canadian actress

1980 ”“ Roland Benschneider, German footballer

1984 ”“ Lee Camp, English footballer

1987 ”“ Leonardo Moracci, Italian footballer

1991 ”“ Federico Macheda, Italian footballer

1999 ”“ Dakota Goyo, Canadian actor