Two policemen were injured in a shooting outside the Italian Prime Minister's office in Rome.
President Giorgio Napolitano had begun swearing in the new coalition government and new leader Enrico Letta.
Police say one man has been arrested in connection with the shooting.
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One of the injured policemen is said to be in a serious condition after being shot in the neck.
The incident took place about a kilometre from the location of the swearing in ceremony.