2025 Nobel Prize for Medicine or Physiology goes to immunology for the discovery of a key controller of the immune system that stops autoimmune diseases. American scientists Mary Brunkow and Fred Ramsdell and Shimon Sakaguchi from Japan won the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine on Monday for work shedding light on how the immune system spares healthy cells, creating openings for possible new autoimmune disease and cancer treatments. 

Luke O’Neill, Professor of Immunology at Trinity College Dublin brings us the details.