Pope Francis chose to change clothes in a fast-food restaurant in the Bolivian city of Santa Cruz before leading an open-air Mass.
The Burger King restaurant had been booked by the Pope's organisers and curtained off in advance, so he could change into his religious vestments before the Mass.
It reopened later in the day for business - but with the altar and throne used in the Mass still inside.
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The Pope used his address to encourage Bolivian Catholics to reject consumerism.
He described unbridled capitalism as "the dung of the devil."